What is the MRZ code and how can I use it for the automatic identity validation process?

The MRZ or Machine-Readable-Zone is a set of alphanumeric strings that usually appear on the back of the ID document or passport .
It is a way of adding information about the person in an alpha numerical code so that any machine or smartphone can read and convert this code into relevant information .
Virtually all passports and identity cards are equipped with an MRZ. For these alphanumeric character strings, a special font (OCR-B) used for reading these strings by smart devices is used.

What data does the MRZ code contain?

The MRZ code, among the alphanumeric character strings, contains the following data :

• Line 1:
  • Document type (P for passport).
  • Issuing country (three-letter code).
  • Full name of the owner (in the format SURNAME <
• Line 2:
  • Document number (passport number).
  • Check digit of the document number.
  • Nationality code (three-letter code).
  • Date of birth (in YYMMDD format).
  • Verification digit of the date of birth.
  • Sex (M for male, F for female).
  • Document expiration date (in YYMMDD format).
  • DNI issuance date.
  • Expiration date check digit.
  • Personal identification number (optional).
  • Verification digit of the personal identification number.
  • Final check digit.
  • Each check digit is calculated using a specific algorithm based on the numeric and alphabetic characters in the corresponding field.

The body that regulates the information contained in the MRZ code is the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), known in English as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) .

ICAO establishes the rules and recommendations for the issuance of travel documents, including passports and visas. These standards are collected in document 9303 entitled "Mechanical Reading Travel Documents" , which details the technical specifications for mechanical reading documents and establishes the technical specifications and standards for travel documents, including passports and visas.
Document 9303 covers various aspects, such as:

• Document layout
• Data format
• Verification procedures
• Security requirements

This standard is adopted internationally to guarantee the interoperability and security of travel documents.

When is the MRZ code used?

The MRZ code has several types of use, mainly in the field of security and border management . Here are some of the most common:

Passport control at airports

Passport control machines at airports scan the MRZ to verify the authenticity of the passport and the traveler's identity quickly and accurately.

Visa processing

Visas also contain an MRZ that facilitates verification and authentication at a country's entry points.

border control

In eGates or electronic gate systems, the MRZ is used to allow automated entry of passengers, reducing waiting time and increasing the efficiency of border control.

Hotel Registration

Check-in online : Thanks to the Check-in Scan , hotels can make a quick record of the passport data or identity document of the guests, speeding up the check-in process.

Access control in high security facilities

In facilities such as nuclear plants or government buildings, the MRZ can be used as part of the access control system to ensure that only authorized persons can enter.

Fraud Prevention

By providing a standard and secure way to encrypt personal information, the MRZ helps prevent the fraudulent use of counterfeit travel documents.